1. Shanahan F The host–microbe interface within the gut. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2002; 16: 915–931.
2. Rook GA, Brunet LR Microbes, immunoregulation and the gut. Gut 2005; 54: 317–320.
3. O’Hara AM, Shanahan F The forgotten organ EMBO reports 2006; 7:688-693.
4. Hopkins MJ, Sharp R, Macfarlane GT Age and disease related changesin intestinal bacterial populations assessed by cell culture, 16S rRNAabundance, and community cellular fatty acid profiles. Gut 2001; 48:198–205.
5. Zoetendal EG, Akkermans ADL, Akkermans-van Vilet WM, DeVisserJAGM, DeVos WM The host genotype affects the bacterial communityin the human gastrointestinal tract. Microb Ecol Health Dis 2001; 13:129–134.
6. Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Bernstein CN, Purdom E, Dethlefsen L, SargentM, Gill SR, Nelson KE, Relman DA Diversity of the human intestinalmicrobial flora. Science 2005; 308: 1635–1638.
7. Ley RE, Backhed F, Turnbaugh P, Lozupone CA, Knight RD, Gordon JIObesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102:11070–11075.
8. Mountzouris KC, McCartney AL, Gibson GR Intestinal microflora ofhuman infants and current trends for its nutritional modulation. Br JNutr 2002; 87: 405–420.
9. Gronlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E, Kero P Fecal microflora inhealthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanentchanges in intestinal flora after cesarean delivery. J Pediatr GastroenterolNutr 1999; 28: 19–25.
10. O’Hara AM, O’Regan P, Fanning A, O’Mahony C, MacSharry J, LyonsA, Bienenstock J, O’Mahony L, Shanahan F Functional modulation ofhuman intestinal epithelial cell responses by Bifidobacterium infantisand Lactobacillus salivarius. Immunology 2006;118: 202–215.
11. Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Bernstein CN, Purdom E, Dethlefsen L, SargentM, Gill SR, Nelson KE, Relman DA Diversity of the human intestinalmicrobial flora. Science 2005; 308: 1635–1638.
12. Hope ME, Hold GL, Kain R, El-Omar EM Sporadic colorectal cancer—role of the commensal microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 244: 1–7
13. Hopkins MJ, Sharp R, Macfarlane GT Age and disease related changesin intestinal bacterial populations assessed by cell culture, 16S rRNAabundance, and community cellular fatty acid profiles. Gut 2001; 48:198–205.
14. Jijon H, Backer J, Diaz H, et al. DNA from probiotic bacteria modulatesmurine and human epithelial and immune function. Gastroenterology2004;126: 1358–1373.
15. Macpherson AJ, Uhr T Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendriticcells carrying commensal bacteria. Science 2004; 303: 1662–1665.
16. Abreu MT, Fukata M, Arditi M TLR signaling in the gut in health anddisease. J Immunol 2005; 174: 4453–4460.
17. Cario E Bacterial interactions with cells of the intestinal mucosa: Tolllikereceptors and NOD2. Gut 2005; 54: 1182–1193.
18. Cario E, Podolsky DK Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cellexpression of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatorybowel disease. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 7010–7017.
19. Otte JM, Cario E, Podolsky DK Mechanisms of cross hyporesponsivenessto Toll-like receptor bacterial ligands in intestinal epithelial cells.Gastroenterology 2004;126: 1054–1070.
20. Abreu MT, Vora P, Faure E, Thomas LS, Arnold ET, Arditi M Decreasedexpression of Toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelialcell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expressionin response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 2001;167:1609–1616.
21. Ma D, Forsythe P, Bienenstock J Live Lactobacillus reuteri is essential forthe inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor õ-induced interleukin-8 expression.Infect Immun 2004; 72: 5308–5314.
22. Rook GA, Brunet LR Microbes, immunoregulation and the gut. Gut2005;54: 317–320.
23. Umesaki Y, Okada Y, Matsumoto S, Imaoka A, Setoyama H Segmentedfilamentous bacteria are indigenous intestinal bacteria that activate intraepitheliallymphocytes and induce MHC class II molecules and fucosylasialo GM1 glycolipids on the small intestinal epithelial cells in theex-germ-free mouse. Microbiol Immunol 1995; 39: 555–562.
24. Kelly D, Campbell JI, King TP, Grant G, Jansson EA, Coutts AG, PetterssonS, Conway S Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammationby regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR andRelA. Nat Immunol 2004; 5: 104–112.
25. Mazmanian SK, Liu CH, Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL An immunomodulatorymolecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immunesystem. Cell 2005; 122: 107–118.
26. Bocci V The neglected organ: bacterial flora has a crucial immunostimulatoryrole. Perspect Biol Med 1992; 35: 251–260.
27. Kelly D, Conway S, Aminov R Commensal gut bacteria: mechanisms of
28. immune modulation. Trends Immunol 2005; 26: 326–333.28. 2 Guarner F, Malagelada JR: Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet2003; 361: 512–519.

Para descargar el PDF del artículo
Flora intestinal indígena: socia necesaria de la inmunidad mucosa

Haga click aquí